Module 5 • Staffing your business


The opposite is also true. If a worker’s basic needs are satisfied, then a higher level need will motivate him or her, but if a lower level need is violated, a person will go back and satisfy that need. The higher level need will not motivate such a person during that time. The diagram below indicates the different levels of needs and examples of each:


Maslow’s Hierachy of needs Self-Actualisation Esteem Social Security Physiological


• Food • Water and air


• Protection • Shelter • Homes • Pension • Secure jobs


• Sense of belonging


• Affection • Friends


• Recognition • Attention • Education


• Development • Self-fulfilment • Determining own objectives


IMPORTANT From an employer’s point of view, it becomes important to recognise and address the individual needs of workers.


Activity 6


Discuss the individual needs of people in a working environment and identify examples of how an employer can misread the needs of employees and use the wrong motivating methods to try and improve productivity. Give at least three examples.


2. Job (Working conditions) Hertzberg focused on the job and working conditions of a person. He found that where a job provides an opportunity to achieve and to advance, as well as recognition for efforts, motivation increases. He termed such factors, “motivating factors.”


He also found that factors that lead to satisfaction are quite distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction. Job dissatisfaction is caused by factors, which are separate from the job itself, but which exist in the working environment. Examples are salaries, good working conditions and status. Hertzberg called these factors, “hygiene factors.” • salaries • working conditions • status • promotion possibilities • recognition for work • responsibilities


He argues that if the hygiene factors are absent, a worker becomes dissatisfied, but hygiene factors do not motivate a worker. This means that if the hygiene factors are adequate, the worker is only neutral towards his or her work (not motivated yet). However, the hygiene factors are a prerequisite for the motivating factors in order to motivate a worker. In other words, if you give recognition to a worker for a job well done (motivating factor) but you are not paying the worker a good enough salary (hygiene factor), such a worker will not become motivated. A typical response will be, “Don’t thank me, pay me.”


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