Module 6
case of butterflies). Others, like grasshoppers, hatch looking like a grown-up insect, only smaller.
Young spiders are called spiderlings. Some insects and spiders are beautifully coloured. Some insects (mosquitoes) spread disease.
Insects sometimes eat our food while it is growing in the fields. Farmers do not like this. Insects help us by making honey (bees) and pollinating flowers. Spiders help us by eating insect pests. Birds, snakes, frogs and toads eat great numbers of insects.
Te role of insects in the environment 1. Some insects carry diseases. People need to take precautions against these insects and the diseases they carry. Te use of insecticides can be damaging to the air, plants and other insects.
2. Insects that help with pollination are essential to the further production of fruit, vegetables and other plants.
3. Insects are a vital part of the food chain. 4. Silkworms make silk thread which is used in the silk-making industries.
B. Birds Concepts children can grasp Birds are animals, but differ from other animals in that nearly all can fly. Birds are covered with feathers. Tey have two legs for walking but also two wings for flying. Birds fly by flapping their wings; some hold their wings outstretched when in flight.
Beaks (and legs) vary, depending on what they eat. A short beak is used to crack open seeds, e.g. sparrows, doves, finches. A very long, thin beak is used to sip nectar, e.g. sunbirds. A flat, wide bill siſts small particles of food in water, e.g. ducks. A large, curved beak enables the bird to capture prey, also sharp talons, e.g. eagles, owls.
Birds’ nests also differ. A discussion can be held on where and how they build their nests. Te weaver, sparrow, plover and swallow’s nests can be discussed in detail. If possibles they can be visited and observed in nature.
Each bird has its own unique call. Play a recording of bird calls and help children identify the more familiar ones. Birds all lay eggs which are all oval-shaped, although they differ in size and colour.
Discuss the camouflage that protects eggs and birds. Te largest bird is the ostrich and smallest the colibri. Birds have very good eyesight; the owl is a night bird and its eyes are adapted to see in the dark.
Examine the general structure of a bird from close quarters so that the children can experience this with as many senses as possible.
Various birds can be introduced each day of the week, e.g. water birds, insect-eaters, birds of prey (raptors).
Discuss the cycle from egg to adult bird, using the chicken as an example.
C. Animals Concepts children can grasp Anything that is alive and is not a plant is an animal. Tere are many different kinds of animals in the world (at present, approximately three million).
Some of the different kinds of animals are: birds, fish, insects, worms, shell creatures, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals.
All animals need food and water to live. Some animals eat plants, some eat other animals (meat); some, like people, eat both meat and plants.
Animals get their food in many different ways and places: 1. out of the air – frogs catch flying insects 2. in the water – fish eagles catch fish
92 FutureManagers
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