Environmental studies
Mining: Gauteng has many mines. Te toddlers’ parents may work in the mines. Mine dumps are dangerous places – teach children to stay away from mine areas.
1.4 Background knowledge for the educarer
Historical Landmarks (Te educarer must compile these notes for her own region.)
Aspects that influence the social and physical environment Two aspects of the very many that influence toddlers in South Africa are squatter camps and pollution. a) Squatter camps: People are in need of homes and work. Tey are attracted to towns and cities as they have more work opportunities. Tere are not enough brick houses, so squatter camps are developed. Some squatter camps have toilets, running water, electricity, telephones and good streets. Other squatter camps do not have these facilities and have serious problems which affect the whole family.
Te pollution in the squatter camps – from wood– and coal – burning stoves – influences the chests and breathing of children. When there is no proper sanitation, diseases are rife. Transport to and from work or shops and the squatter camp is expensive.
Tere are many thousands of people in squatter camps and not enough schools and other infrastructures to offer them a reasonable quality of life.
(Discuss this topic and how the educarer would relate to the child from a squatter camp, giving thought to their needs, development and education.)
b) Pollution Air pollution: For people living close to industries, pollution can be a major problem. Many children suffer from chest ailments caused by breathing polluted air.
Litter: With many people living in close proximity to each other, inadequate refuse removal and not enough care taken when throwing litter away, the environment becomes dirty and untidy. Litter attracts rats, mice and other undesirable animals, which are oſten carriers of some serious diseases. Te toddler must be taught to throw away waste products correctly and where possible to recycle. (Tere is money to be made in recycling plastic, glass, metal and paper.)
A. Insects and spiders Concepts children can grasp Tere are many kinds of insects. Insects are found in nearly all parts of the world. Some even live in ice and snow. Insects differ in many ways: size, shape, colour, kind of eyes, mouths and number of wings, as well as the food they eat.
Insects have six legs (3 pairs) and, if winged, four wings (2 pairs). Bees, wasps, butterflies, moths, flies, grasshoppers, ants, dragonflies, ladybugs, mosquitoes, beetles, crickets, bugs and fireflies are insects we oſten see. A spider is not an insect. It is called an arachnid. Spiders have eight legs (4 pairs) and no wings.
Most spiders spin webs for their homes, for their young, or to help catch insects for food. Insects and spiders live all around us in the grass, in the trees, on the flowers and in the dirt.
Some insects (bees, ants, termites and certain wasps) live in big family groups. All insects and spiders come from eggs. When some insect babies hatch out of their eggs, they are called larvae (caterpillars, in the
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