Module 4


E. Form Te structural element of form is based on the principle of repetition and contrast. Some sections of the melody are repeated, while other sections are contrasted, or differ from the basic melody. Form provides the structure of the music; it makes the sections comprehensible and accessible to the listener. 1. Each piece of music has a beginning, a middle section, and an end. 2. A musical work or a song may have sections that sound the same or that differ. Tis idea may be conveyed by various movements for the contrasting sections in the music or song, e.g. the AB form: A Dashing through the snow … B Jingle bells Jingle bells …


3. Tere are also pieces of music or songs that have an ABA form. Tis implies that the first and last sections are the same, while the middle section differs, e.g.: A Hot cross buns B Hot cross buns


B One a penny Two a penny


A Hot cross buns


F. Texture “Texture” refers to the density of sound – it includes the number of sounds required to produce a “fuller” or “lighter” sound. In music, the word “texture”, which relates to the art of weaving, refers to the horizontal as well as vertical elements that are responsible for the thick, thin, light, or heavy effects that the listener hears.  Songs can be sung with or without accompaniment.  Two or more sounds can be heard simultaneously, e.g. the effect of a man and a woman singing together – which would not sound the same as when each voice is heard individually.


 Some instruments can be used to play only certain sections. Each section would produce a different sound.


G. Tempo


Definition Tempo is described as the speed with which sound follow on one another. Te tempo in music, which describes how fast or slow the notes should be played, is indicated by terms such as andante (slow) or allegro (fast). Te correct tempo can also be determined by using a metronome which indicates the repetition of the pulse.


Basic concepts of tempo  Music may be either fast or slow.  Te tempo of a piece of music may remain the same throughout or it may change.  Notes that follow quickly on one another have a faster pulse whereas slow music has a slower pulse.


 Slow music sounds more restful and requires slow movements, whereas fast music encourages happy and boisterous movements.


Music to move and keep time to Te young child must have the opportunity to experience music through body movement, because this is how he learns about the structural content of music. Music teachers agree that the body must first “feel” the music before formal instruction starts. Basic movements known to every child are used in the


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