Music activities


Basic concepts of sound Te following basic concepts which refer to sound and tone are formed during the pre-school years.


Repetition and contrast Some parts of the melody are repeated, whereas others are in contrast to, or differ from the basic melody. Form provides the structure in music, which makes the passage comprehensible and accessible to the listener. 1. Every work of music has a beginning, a middle part and an ending. 2. A work of music or a song may have parts which sound the same or different. Tis idea may be conveyed by performing different movements to the contrasting parts of a piece of music or song, for instance the AB form: A Dashing through the snow… B Jingle bells Jingle bells…


3. Tere are also works of music or songs with an ABA form. Tis implies that the first and last parts are the same, whereas the middle part is different, for example: A Hot cross buns Hot cross buns


B One a penny Two a penny


A Hot cross buns


B. Dynamics Tis refers to how loudly the notes in the piece of music have to be played. Te degree of loudness or soſtness may vary gradually or change quite suddenly.


Crescendo and decrescendo – Crescendo means increasing in loudness/volume, Decrescendo means decreasing in loudness/volume.


Having one or more accented note is another property of dynamics. (Sudden loud notes may scare one.)


C. Rhythm Tis provides the “heartbeat” of the music, makes it come alive. Rhythm can be thoroughly appreciated through body movement. It is a physical rather than an intellectual experience.  Te idea of rhythmic patterns, e.g. John – ny Brown - - - , is conveyed through speech patterns. Te young child recognises or perceives short and long notes.


 Tere is an underlying, regulating pulse in the rhythmic pattern that supports the rhythm. Tis idea is also conveyed by rhythmic speech patterns.


D. Melody Tis can be defined as a linear sequence of sounds that are rhythmically and harmoniously controlled. A melody is pleasing and meaningful to the human ear (Nye & Nye 1974:25). Another aspect of melody is its phrasing. A phrase in music can be compared to a sentence in language. Phrases, like sentences, are sections that are interrupted or stopped in the form of rests or intervals of silence.  Each piece of music has its own “tune” or melody.  Some melodies are sung, while others are not.  Each melody consists of high and low notes or sounds that do not have the same pitch.


Example: Jin – gle bells Jin – gle bells Jin- gle all the way


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