Module 1
Exercise 1.27
2925 characters with spaces
In preparation of the timed accuracy test, type the following for three minutes. Sixty zippers were quickly picked from the woven jute bag.
Winds cause waves on the surface of the ocean and on lakes. Te wind transfers some of its energy to the water, through friction between the air molecules and the water molecules. Stronger winds like storm surges; cause larger waves. Waves of water do not move horizontally, they only move up and down. You can see a demonstration of this by watching a floating buoy bob up and down with a wave; it does not, however, move horizontally with the wave. Regular waves are very different from tsunami waves. Tsunami waves are much faster than wind- generated waves and they have a much longer wavelength which is the distance from crest to crest. In the deep sea, tsunami waves are very small, but by the coast, they dwarf regular waves.
Tsunamis are sometimes incorrectly called “tidal waves” – tsunamis are not caused by the tides. Tides are caused by the gravitational force of the moon on the sea, regular waves are caused by the wind. A tsunami starts when a huge volume of water is quickly shiſted.
A tsunami, is a series of huge waves that can cause great devastation and loss of life when they strike a coast. Tsunamis are caused by an underwater earthquake, a volcanic eruption, a sub- marine rockslide, or, more rarely, by an asteroid or meteoroid crashing into in the water from space. Most tsunamis are caused by underwater earthquakes, but not all underwater earthquakes cause tsunamis – an earthquake has to be over about magnitude 6.75 on the Richter scale for it to cause a tsunami. About 90 % of all tsunamis occur in the Pacific Ocean.
Aſter the huge volume of water has moved, the resulting wave is very long. Te distance from crest to crest can be hundred kilometres long, but not very tall. Te wave spreads across the sea in all directions;
it can travel great distances from the source at tremendous speeds, well over
970 kph, as fast as a jet flies. It can take only a few hours for a tsunami to travel across an entire ocean. Tsunamis are oſten barely visible when they are in the deep sea. Tis makes tsunami detection in the deep sea very difficult.
As a tsunami wave approaches the coast where the sea becomes shallow, the trough or bottom of a wave hits the beach floor, causing the wave to slow down, to increase in height and to decrease in wavelength which is the distance from crest to crest.
In addition to large tsunami waves that crash onto shore, the waves push a large amount of water onto the shore above the regular sea level (this is called run-up). Te run-up can cause tremendous damage inland and is much more common than huge, thundering tsunami waves.
If you see the water recede quickly and unexpectedly from a beach, run toward higher ground or inland; there may be a tsunami coming. Also, if you are on the coast and there is an earthquake, it may have caused a tsunami. Fortunately Tsunamis are very rare. Tere are roughly six major tsunamis each century.
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