Module 1
Exercise 1.21
3112 characters with spaces
In preparation of the timed accuracy test, type the following for three minutes. Te July sun caused a fragment of black pine wax to ooze on the velvet quilt.
Who invented the motor car? Credit has been assigned to the steam-car pioneers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, but we undoubtedly owe the motor car as we know it to the work of two Germans, Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler. A few cars were made by English designers during the nineteenth century, but these resembled three-wheeled railway locomotives and required the service of a full-time stoker (hence the word ‘chauffeur’) as well as a driver, and weighed two-and-a-half tons.
Te 1865 Locomotive Act in Britain put a stop to any serious experiments. Te Act stipulated that a vehicle in motion had to be attended by at least three persons, one of whom had to walk in front carrying a red flag by day or a red lamp at night. Terefore, up to 1900 Britain was not noted for quantity or quality of cars.
In 1896 the Locomotive Act was abolished, but the automobile pioneers knew no end of headaches. Opposition, especially in the country areas, came from people and horses alike, and the police were hot on the track of all offenders. So much so that the British motoring press regularly printed detailed maps showing the location of all known traps set up by the police.
Tis far spread to the United States of America. In Pennsylvania in the early 1900s, rules were drawn up stating that, if the driver of an automobile saw a team of horses approaching, he was to pull over to the side of the road, cover his machine with a blanket or dust cover which was painted or coloured to blend with the scenery, so that the machine was less noticeable!
Te first years of the century saw the introduction of steam and electricity which rivalled the internal-combustion motor engines. Steam made little headway, though, possibly because people disliked having to spend half an hour starting the engine from cold, or sitting on a boiler working at five hundred pounds’ pressure.
On the other hand, the electric car was free of noise, smell, and vibration; there was nothing explosive calculated to frighten timid women or horses; and initial acceleration was superior. However batteries have a short life, and thus long runs were limited.
Te Oldsmobile merits its place in history as the first true example of mass-production, some 3750 being turned out in 1903 alone. Tis car was a miniature buggy. However, up to 1904, the automobile was still the plaything of the wealthy. Bodywork was based on that of horse-drawn vehicles, hoods were extras, and windscreens were fitted by some owners to reduce dust. Tool kits were, however, well stocked, and a typical set contained ten assorted spanners, a screwdriver, a hammer, a pair of pliers, a tyre-pump and repair outfit, a funnel, a small jack, an oil can, and a canvas bucket.
Te sports car, as such, did not exist. Every motorist was a sportsman: he had to be to venture on long journeys with unreliable transport.
By 1904, motor car design had crystallised. It was generally agreed that engines should be mounted in front under a bonnet; tyres would be inflated by air, and steering controlled by a wheel; brakes were more or less standardised.
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